Karate Victoria Special Award

On Saturday night 25th May 2019 Karate Victoria held their annual dinner and presentation night. President John Frazetto invited Tino Ceberano Hanshi and Sal Ebanez Hanshi as guests.

IGK seniors attended with Tino Hanshi and celebrated the evening with old Goju Kai students Morgan Abouzeid Kyoshi, Max Fabris Kancho, colleagues John Haitidis Sensei (Shotokan) and John Gittus Sensei (Wado) just to name a few.

The special recognition award is inscribed “An inspiration to the many that have followed.” The IGK congratulates Tino Ceberano Hanshi and Sal Ebanez Hanshi on their recognition of service.

The function, held at La Mirage Reception & Convention Centre in Somerton, was a huge success and attended by 698 people. There were many young karatekas who were likely quite unaware of the legends in the room with them and have no concept of the years of hard work starting in the 1960s that paved the way for the growth of the martial arts in Victoria by these men.

IGK Tasmania Winter Camp 2019

IGK Tasmania Winter Camp – Bruny Island 2019

Each year Noel Peters Kyoshi and IGK Tasmania host a winter camp at Adventure Bay on beautiful Bruny Island, a way south of Hobart in the D’Entrecasteux Channel.

Friday 31st May To Monday 3rd June 2019

It is a unique training experience steeped in tradition when the Victorians and Tasmanians gather for some good old-fashioned Goju training the way it’s been done for 40 years. Register for the camp here.

Last year arrangements were a little late and many IGK Headquarters Victoria were not able to join in but this year we’ve confirmed dates two months ahead and we’re hoping to take a small army down south.

The camp starts Friday finishing Monday afternoon. There is a variety of training including the traditional Southern Ocean early morning Sanchin kata and kumite. Great for body, mind and spirit!

We generally work in together planning flights and costs so chat with your instructors and indicate your interest early on. On arrival in Hobart, a hired car is the easiest way for a group to travel south to Kettering where we board a ferry over to the island and drive to the southern end.

Last year the climate was no colder than Melbourne at the same time. It all depends on the weather systems at the time. The crisp mornings, crystal blue oceans and natural forest make it magical place to visit.

There are cabins at Captain Cook Holiday Park at Adventure Bay which are a short walking distance to the training hall. You have an option of sharing a caravan for two or cabins with many bunks allowing more people and keeping costs down. There is plenty of food supplied – no one goes hungry!

Register your interest with your instructors and let them know how keen you are to attend. Flights and accommodation should be booked early. See the I.G.K. Tasmania FB page for more photos and information. The registration form with costs and payment details is linked above.

Friday 31st May To Monday 3rd June 2019

IGK Headquarters Victoria Spring Camp 2018

Spring Camp at Anglesea in 2018 for IGK Headquarters Victoria Oct 26th

 

It is that time of year again when I.G.K. Headquarters Victoria heads to Anglesea on Victoria’s beautiful surf coast for three days of training.  A report and photos will follow after the weekend.

Contact John Ross Shihan or Lambros Kallianiotis on the phone numbers above with your interest. The Tasmanians usually join in and make it a great weekend so we look forward to seeing them soon. Great food, early morning beach training, kata, bunkai and kumite are all on a part of camp.

Fifty years since the Goju Kai Canterbury dojo

Tino Ceberano – Fifty Year Reunion

On Sat 8th Sept 2018, Tino Ceberano Hanshi quietly slipped into Melbourne for several meetings relating to the research and writing of his biography. No seminars or events were booked and he intended to have a quiet, heads down weekend of interviews and writing.

Unbeknown to him, a surprise dinner was planned on the Saturday night inviting the many students spanning a fifty year period that trained with him in both Goju Kai and IGK. He was informed that we were catching a bite with a few of the boys from the dojo to take a break from identifying photos and recreating the history of Goju in Australia for the book.

Tino Ceberano Hanshi Fifty Year Reunion Dinner

On arrival to Doncaster Greek Tavern, the old boys started filing in, faster than his ability to recognise and recall who some were given that 40 years had passed in some cases. They represented the old suburban dojos including Nth Balwyn honbu dojo, Ashwood, City, Bayswater, Rowville, Werribee, Footscray and Thomastown.

Tino Hanshi was all smiles and shone with the memories and gratitude expressed by the many who came to pay their respects to the great man. Richard Norton Soke kindly said a few words and acknowledged the shared times back at Canterbury in the late 1960s. There were many who have not been seen in years and old training mates could be heard shouting with delight as they reunited. It was a magnificent evening and it was widely agreed that the next reunion is high on the priority with many others to be contacted given more lead up time.

Tino Ceberano Hanshi IGK VIC Headquarters Group Fifty Year Renion

Michael Black who is co-authoring the biography with Tino Hanshi wrote a summary of the evening describing his own experience starting Goju and recalling the Nth Balwyn experience…

“The surprise fifty year reunion event for Constantino Ceberano Hanshi evolved after the last 13 months of research to write his biography. Forty seven years ago at the age of ten I found myself in the dojo at Nth Balwyn Goju Kai and under the command of this young lion of a man who was under the age of thirty himself. His sheer presence, charisma and booming voice needs no description to any who were there. I think the brick walls of the dojo shook in terror from the thunder which could certainly be heard from the street below.

The early creation of a website evolved into the concept of recording his life story and the year has captured hundreds of hours of interviews with the great man, 180 interviews with students and friends, archiving thousands of photos and capturing the essence of his influence, energy and drive.

The event was unashamedly something of a prelaunch to the book which is still being written and it confirmed that so many people’s lives have been influenced by Tino Hanshi’s energy, passion and humility and they all have a story to tell. The story of Australian Goju, all that partook in the journey, the life lessons gained and the fascinating characters regardless of their style, club and politics will be chronicled. To all that have generously contributed their time … Osu.”

Below is a photo gallery of guests who attended on the night with some older photos alongside to reflect the rich history of training and the decades that have been devoted to Goju training.

Welcome to Kapaa Hawaii

Karate in Kapaa

This article was written by  Nick Celario The Garden Island Saturday, June 16, 2018 and is  reproduced attributing full rights and credits to the author.

IGK Hawaii karate at KapaaA different style of karate is now being taught on-island. A group of instructors recently started teaching classes twice a week at All Saints Gym in Kapaa.

“This place has a history that’s incredible,” said class instructor Shibu Cho Luis Soltren. “A lot of schools started here.”

IGK Hawaii at Kapaa

Soltren said they started the class because they wanted to offer another option on-island. The fee is $70 per month. If a parent enters more than one child, then the class offers a discounted rate.

“Karate for me has always been a passion,” Soltren said. “I started this when I was 13 years old. I’m 66 now. I’m never going to make money out of teaching karate, but I’m going to make wonderful things happen with it.”

Goju karate, or “hard-soft style,” is what’s taught.

IGK Hawaii Kapaa

“Goju-ryu is something that someone can learn and do into their 80s and 90s,” he said. “It doesn’t consist of jumping in the air, trying to flip around, do somersaults and all that stuff. It’s a Japanese traditional art. We stay low to the ground, and you do your thing.”

He added: “It’s a traditional style. The last time this style was taught on Kauai is 1934. My head instructor, Hanshi Tino Ceberano, is Filipino born and raised on Kauai. He joined the Marine Corps. back in the ’50s. He wound up in Japan, and he started learning this art.”

Keiki and adult classes are taught Mondays and Thursdays.

Info: Luis Soltren Sr Shibu Cho, 639-4836.

 

IGK Hawaii Instructors on Kauai

IGK Hawaii Opens June 2018

IGK Hawaii dojo at KapaaTino Ceberano Hanshi, founder and Chief Instructor of the IGK was born on the island of Kauai in Hawaii. It is iconic that the IGK Hawaii dojo has opened on 13th June 2018 in the All Saints Gym, built in 1929 at the All Saints’ Church at Kapaa on the Kuhio Highway on the island of Kauai.

Kids     4:30pm – 6:30pm  Mondays & Thursdays
Adults 6:30pm – 8:30pm  Mondays & Thursdays

Tel: Luis Soltren Sr Shibu Cho, 639-4836.

 

Luis Soltren Sr Chibu Cho is the head instructor and he is accompanied by Rodney Woodward Sensei and Adrian Labrador Senpai. They all share a rich experience in martial arts and goju, some with a history of training under Dallas Watanabe-Grady Shihan.

IGK Hawaii Opening Day with Tino Ceberano Martial Arts in Kauai

Dallas Watanabe Grady Sensei of the Hawaii Karate Congress
The first day of training was a special moment with one of the old students coming with her children. The mother is pictured at left when she trained as a youngster with Dallas Watanabe-Grady Shihan, notable for his many years serving with the Hawaii Karate Congress.

Luis Soltren Sr Chibu Cho notes “Sensei Dallas was a father to us all.” There is a lovely history here in that Tino Ceberano Hanshi and Luis Soltren Sr Chibu Cho both share a common master, Fred Imperial Sensei (RIP) who taught them both kempo on Kauai in different years. This was only discovered as plans were being made to open the dojo.

Fred Sensei moved to Lanaii where he maintained an IGK dojo in the late 1980s and Tino Hanshi shared some special time reuniting with his first martial arts teacher on those trips back to Hawaii.

Luis Soltren Sr tells his own story of training. “I started my goju training at age 13 years continuing under Dallas Watanabe Sensei and now under Tino Ceberano Hanshi.  I will be 66 this month. We trained many of you – now you can entrust your children to us. All of you that trained under Dallas Sensei support us and please share – we want the children to learn a traditional style.

Fees are only US$70/month and it reduces when you have more children.  Our goal is to teach a way of life….honour, love and respect. We will strengthen your heart and your body. Karate has helped me to believe in myself. We will do the same for you and your children. Aloha.”

Luis Soltren Sr & Adrian Labrador are hte new instructors at IGK Hawaii

Tino Ceberano Hanshi recently visited Kauai to assess and upgrade the new instructors. He proudly put them through their paces and knows the new dojo is in great hands. He says…

“Welcome to the Goju Dojo on Kauai the first ever Goju Karate school since Chojun Miyagi the founder of the Goju Ryu of Okinawa  whocame, taught and established the Karate taught here in 1934. This dojo now is a recognised Shibu of Goju under International Goju Karate (IGK) under the Chief Instructor Tino Ceberano formerly from Lawai who is based in Brisbane Australia and officially designates the shown instructor and assistance in the photo above led by Luis Soltren Sr Sensei as Shibu Cho of Hawaii. Hanshi Ceberano will be visiting Kauai in a short while to update and advance training to all within this year as planned. Welcome to all and happy training in the Ohana dojo on Kauai. Aloha to you all. Hanshi Tino Ceberano”

 

 

IGK Tasmania Annual Winter Camp – Bruny Island 2018

It’s time for the Victorians and Tasmanians to gather for a 3 day training camp at Adventure Bay on Bruny Island at Tasmania from Friday 1st June to Monday 4th June 2018. The Tasmanian winter, beautiful sandy beaches, crystal clean waters and Tasmanian hospitality promises that special I.G.K. training experience that these annual camps are known for.

The registration form has all the details. Note that recommended shared accommodation is available at the Captain Cook Caravan Park at Adventure Bay and needs to be booked. The training hall is nearby. You need to arrange transport from Hobart down to Kettering then take the ferry across to Bruny Island. A hire car is easily the most efficient way between a group of members to get there. Talk to your dojo instructor to liase with others who are going.

Note the early bird pricing by 20th May 2018 so organise yourself to get to Tassie and enjoy the special training and experience that Noel Peters Kyoshi is famed for.

Download the registration form right here.

Martial Arts and Women

Since martial arts have been around, women have been involved.  In recent times it appears there may be a resurgence of interest with women taking up the arts and there are good reasons for it, no matter which style they choose.

In the history of fifty years of Tino Ceberano Hanshi teaching karate in Australia, there have been many women that achieved black belt ranking and performed well in competition. Others attended camps and regular class training and attest to the impact it had on their lives.  Evelyn Dalpas, the first female to achieve black belt from the Goju Kai St Kilda dojo in the 1970s is seen below at a Tallangatta summer camp.  Evelyn found the era to be an inspiring period in her life and says she was never fitter. She immensely enjoyed the training and created long lasting friendships.

Regardless of the level achieved, martial arts training has always been one of the healthiest sports for girls and women to get involved with, at any age and for many reasons.

Fitness

Using multiple muscle groups is the first principle of getting fit, especially the ones we sit on all day.

We might think those gym machines will do the job but sitting or lying down on the job is not the same as using the body in the way it was designed to work.

When your workout includes moving and kicking, you introduce a whole new use of your body. Combining upper and lower body movements ties the connection together and gets your core involved. You’ll burn a lot more joules and improve your cardiac capacity.

If you really want to explore fitness you’ll want to build strength, endurance, flexibility, stamina, balance, coordination, mobility, speed and core stability – the martial arts offers it all.

Posture

IGK Ballarat & IGK Mount Doran with Judy Angeles SenseiThe different stances and movements work the core and require a balanced, neutral posture to move properly. This teaches you to hold yourself better and more upright, unlike the terrible slouched postures your computer work induces.

Better posture telegraphs your self-esteem and confidence, acting in a subtle way as a deterrent to others who sense you’re not an easy victim and look elsewhere for easy prey. In a way, simply standing better is your first line of self-defense and regular practice enhances your posture.

Better posture means everything works better in your body including joint range of motion, breathing, digestion and concentration. You start enjoying better health immediately when you train your core and martial arts is a great way to do this.

Flexibility


All movement helps flexibility and martial arts will work the hips, pelvis and other joints improving your overall mobility. If you don’t use it, you lose it, as we often say. Supervised warm ups and sensible stretching will help prevent a range of injuries and other problems.

The digital era has created more hours of immobility than ever before. Young people are developing injuries and suffering from aches and pains at an unprecedented rate. The need for regular exercise and flexibility has never been greater and we need fun ways to exercise.

Tech neck, forward head posture, headaches, low back pain, stiff shoulders – this is the life of the typical teenager with too much screen time and heaps of spinal strain. Spending quality time using your body in the dojo will pay dividends.

It is a fact that many young people suffer low back and hip pains. The practice of stretching, kicking, lower stances and lower body conditioning is likely to strengthen your chassis offering you great health benefits – like being more pain free! After all, movement is life.

Self Defense

Women should feel safe and having some basic training in the martial arts provides you with a better sense of awareness, the ability to stand up for yourself and some knowledge of what to do in a potentially dangerous situation. By undertaking karate training, you will gain confidence, self-esteem and mental & physical strength as well.

Regardless of which martial art you choose, you’ll benefit from having some basics under your belt like recognising signs of aggression, learning to evade, breaking a grip or grasp, striking back, delivering a blow that tells your aggressor to shove off and very simply, not being a victim.

Not every women aspires to become a fighter. Even if you never needed to use self-defense techniques in your entire lifetime, there are multiple benefits for you in learning them. Tino Ceberano Hanshi was featured on varied TV programmes from the 1970s including the Roy Hampson Show on Channel 0 demonstrating self-defense techniques to women. He continues to inspire women today to enjoy traditional Goju karate.

Confidence

Mature women can still train karateHaving strong, powerful women as role models is very empowering for other women. We learn by example and by wishing to emulate our mentors.

When you develop speed, strength, fitness and technique, it follows that self-confidence and self-esteem improves.

This spills over and impacts every other area of your life and can only be a positive benefit to your work, social life and well-being.

Women like Karen Lyons at I.G.K. Headquarters Victoria started karate training later in life and it has changed her life around.

Involvement

Training in a group offers so many benefits to self-improvement. We start with good intentions but a solo appearance to the gym may not eventuate whereas working out with others has the benefit of a social link, support and supervision. We’re more likely to reach out goals working with others. Many hands make light work as they say – and so it is with group training.

We also learn by watching and doing so having people around you learning at the same pace means we’re not so focused on ourselves and if we feel like being bothered. Being involved in a club or group is a great way for all to achieve their goals while helping others to reach theirs.

You will be joining a club, class or dojo where strangers will become your teammates. Working together creates great bonds and dispels doubts that you may have about your ability. We all have self-imposed limits and we grow when test ourselves.

Martial arts are built around the principles of humility, courtesy and respect. Training is about helping each other and it is always respectful. What better way is there to exercise and learn new skills while becoming a better person and thinking less about ourselves.

Sports

With the introduction of Karate and Taekwando to the Olympics, women seeking a competitive sport can get involved in the combat sports at any level they choose.

Most clubs and region have competitions with safety always being a focus.

This is a sport that uses the mind, reflex, strategy and fitness. It builds confidence and empowerment while building a strong sense of belonging in a club or organisation.

Tight communities where women support and raise each other are powerful and enriching to each others’ lives. The bonds built here can be ever lasting.

Leadership

We are fortunate in the I.G.K. to have several strong female role models in our leadership like Judy Angeles Sensei whohas attracted a strong following with her emphasis on safe straining and helping everyone achieve their goals regardless of age, background or ability. The focus on community and family carries on the traditional spirit and values taught by Tino Ceberano Hanshi since the 1960s.

Age is No Barrier

Most clubs cater for all age groups and I.G.K. VIC Headquarters at Canterbury holds dedicated childrens’ classes well represented by boys and girls from the age of four onwards. There is no upper age limit and we have female seniors training regularly to keep fit, focused and flexible. Clubs have introductory special offers well worth checking out.

Lessons for life

So many women have said that their karate years gave them a foundation for life skills. The martial arts have a way of flowing into other areas of your life, teaching you to move beyond what you ever thought you could do and achieve.

It is a metaphor for living – if you can improve in the dojo you can improve and succeed elsewhere, Be something more than you ever imagined!

“If there is any part of your life you wish to change. start with a martial art – engaging in the fighting arts will transform you” says Tino Hanshi.


Kathy Koch Senpai
from Hawaii relates her story. “When I began training, there weren’t many women role models to look up to. Tino Hanshi never gave me a break or expected less of me because I was a girl.

When I stepped in the dojo, or even outside the dojo, I was pushed as hard as the men and the standards were set. The bar was high. Because no excuses were given or accepted, I learned I could achieve so much more than I thought I could. This mindset is still within me in all the things I attempt.”

Val Boyd Senpai in Tasmania says, “My regular training connected body and brain, giving me a deeper understanding of my actual capabilities as well as the automaticity that karate relies on. Without training there is no confidence in self body and mind.”

Val Senpai is pictured below (bottom row 2nd from left) at one of the famed Tallangatta camps in VIC during the 1970s. This era when many women attended karate training and reached black belt level is legendary in the history of Goju Kai and I.G.K. A notable visitor to this camp was Wakako Yamaguchi Sensei, daughter of the founder of Goju Kai, Gogen Yamaguchi Hanshi, centred in this photo.

Judy Angeles Sensei retells her training history.

“In 1974 when I began karate-do at the Mount Gambier YMCA Seishikan Dojo I did not believe that I would ever get to green belt level let alone Shodan level. Nor did I visualise becoming an instructor or even dream of having my own dojo.

However, it has been a journey that unfolded before me and I followed the path ahead. For me, that’s what martial arts is all about. I have been fortunate to have had a number of dedicated and insightful instructors in my life – especially during the formative years and I give full credit to those who taught me the concepts of mind, body & soul.

I love martial arts for the indiscriminate nature that it creates for anyone interested to learn and I’ve always found the dojo open to all without prejudice, particularly amongst the I.G.K. practitioners. I shall be eternally grateful to Tino Hanshi for his belief, guidance and infectious passion for the martial arts that he instills into all of us.

He genuinely encourages us to achieve our best – always whilst making everyone in the room feeling equally included. I devoted many years to Karate-do and have experienced a deep satisfaction in imparting knowledge to women in particular, sharing and exploring many aspects of self-defense. Each new group proves to be unique and inspires me to continue on. It is very rewarding to see the thrill on a young person’s face when they realize their own
strengths – that’s equally empowering for both of us.”

Cherie Ceberano Sensei achieved 3rd Dan in her training. She was strong, courageous and held her own in kumite with excellent budo. She was graded to 3rd Dan by Gogen Yamaguchi Hanshi in Tokyo. Cherie often participated in self-defence demonstrations at events and she is seen below defending her attacker Phil Chin Quan Senpai at Dallas Brooks Hall in 1972.


Flora Lord Senpai
graded for her Shodan-Ho black belt in 1971 with Cherie Ceberano Sensei. 

They were the first two women to achieve this rank in the club.

Flora Senpai says 47 years later that the martial arts gave her an understanding and capability to be centred and she credits the training to having been extremely valuable to her in those years.

Flora Senpai at left demonstrates a mae geri. Flora’s husband Bob Lord was in the first group of students at Canterbury in 1968 and trained with Tino Hanshi for several years.

Yvette Black Sensei, 3rd Dan, trained at Ashburton and Dandenong dojos with Brian Curren Sensei and Ray Kennedy Shihan amongst other noted instructors in the Goju Kai. Yvette participated in many demonstrations and eventually ran her dojo at Gembrook for 20 years. She is another great example of women going the extra mile and pushing the boundaries in the history of the club. Yvette’s son Daniel Black Sensei trained with her for many years to 3rd Dan. Below is Yvette Black Sensei throwing Brian Curren Sensei with Tomoe-nage, a judo throw.

Yvette Sensei relates that the club was doing a demonstration at The Glen Shopping Centre in Glen Waverley in the 1980s. She remembers the empowerment she felt as a yellow belt when she successfully threw her black belt instructor as practiced and the crowds cheered.

Yvette Sensei says that there are many paths to the top of the mountain – for her it has been achieved with budo. She feels that being truly empowered comes from finding the strength within. She also reminds us that in her day there was one only club division for women at competition, whether it was kata or kumite and that was an open division for all ranks from white belt to black belt. If you were game enough to try, you were welcome to do so.  That’s spirit!

“The gift that practicing karate gives women is discovering inner grit, determination, perseverance and courage. .. the four pillars of empowerment.” says Yvette Black Sensei.

Deborah Brawn Senpai in Brisbane achieved her Shodan-ho black belt late in 2017. She has trained with Steve Dare Shihan at I.G.K. Redcliffe and has proudly strived to reach her goal.


Jenni Walke Sensei
met TC in 1989 at age 16 years when Tino Ceberano Shihan came to Koonung High School in Box Hill to talk about self-defense and performed a karate demonstration.

Jenni was determined to learn the art and threw herself into it with a passion training four to five times a week. She joined the uchi deshi (apprentice instructor) programme at the same time as Mike Wheeler and Jenni trained for the next 11 years with the I.G.K. eventually achieving her 3rd Dan, one of the few females in the club history to do so.

Jenni Sensei had the unique opportunity to travel overseas with the I.G.K. to the Maui Festival of Kings training with Prof Wally Jay and Fred Imperial Sensei (Tino Hanshi’s first martial arts instructor in kempo) and to many other interstate events during her training.

She credits her karate years with helping her become what she is and giving her the strength and confidence to facilitate and present in front of large group of people in her occupation.

Jenni joined the Air Force and spent some years training with Warwick Shiels Shihan at the I.G.K. Canberra dojo. She is featured in a news article below.

Today Jenni continues to train Jiu Jitsu and has great memories of her time training with Tino Ceberano Kyoshi, Peter Pritchard Sensei and Warwick Shiels Shihan.

Tino Ceberano & Eddie Emin

John Ross Senpai, Shihan Eddie Emin, Constantino Ceberano Shihan and Bill Shihan Poly Senpai at The 1990 Oyama Kyokushin Full Contact Karate Tournament.

The two masters have an impressive 50 + years of experience each and are respected worldwide for their contributions, development and teaching of karate in Australia. Both have maintained, protected and respected the traditional principles of karate ensuring their longevity.

They were responsible for many wonderful events where different styles trained and competed together, always respectfully and with true budo spirit. The rivalry between Goju Kai, I.G.K. and Kyokushin karate in Australia is legendary and the friendships are long lasting.

Eddie Emin Shihan had the privilege of personally training with and being graded by the founder and master of Kyokushin, the legendary Sosai Matsutatsu Oyama. 

Tino Ceberano Shihan personally trained with and was graded by Gogen Yamaguchi Hanshi, the founder and grand-master of Goju Kai.

We are privliged to have such experienced karate masters in Australia who have done so much to support and foster the development of martial arts.

Tino Ceberano Shihan – Martial Arts TV

Since 1966 Tino Ceberano Hanshi has been leading the way for growth and development of the martial arts in Australia. It’s no wonder after 50 years he’s known as the father of karate in this country! In this video, Rod Black interviewed Tino Ceberano Shihan from Goju Kai karate-do in Nth Balwyn on Channel 7’s Martial Arts TV in the 1980s.

In recent years Tino Ceberano Hanshi,now of the I.G.K. is known equally well for developing his own Goju Kalis system of training based on the Filipino fighting arts, as for teaching traditional Goju-ryu karate. This report shows he was training with arnis at least since the 1980s. He continues to teach Goju Kalis in Australia and his next seminar is available fro booking on the Sunshine Coast at Coolum in Marcy 2018.